10 Of The Best National Parks In Nepal | Things To Know

Key Points Addressed 

• General Overview of National Parks in Nepal: Varied landscape and conservation approaches,
• 10 National Parks: Summary of the most visited national parks, namely, Chitwan, Bardiya and Sagarmatha. 
• Unique Characteristics of Each National Park: Note the uniqueness of each national park either with endangered species, trekking or cultures.  
• Things You May Want to Pursue: List of popular things to do, for example, safari, trekking, bird watching, mountain bike riding , etc.  
• Visitor Information: General overview visitor information on access, entrance fees and permits etc.

Best National Parks in Nepal Introduction

This article lists down Nepal’s most magnificent National Parks presenting stunning diversity in nature and landscapes.

Each of the listed nationa; parks allows visitors different experiences – from safari in the subtropical forests of the lowland Terai to treks at high elevations on the highest mountains in the world.

Visitors can have a close encounter of some of the most endangered species, including the Bengal tiger and one-horned rhino, hike through dense jungle, and learn about the cultural context of this beautiful country.

National Parks in Nepal offer a haven to numerous species of flora and fauna in varied ecosystems. For example, Chitwan National Park, a World Heritage Site, is famous for the one-horned rhinoceros conservation and offers jungle safaris to see such amazing animals up close.

Sagarmatha National Park, meanwhile, encompasses the famous Mount Everest and offers an entry point for trekkers who would want to witness Himalayan grandeur.

These parks conserve wildlife and support the local people on the basis of eco-tourism and also give the visitors a chance to enjoy Nepal’s natural and cultural heritage sustainably.

Let’s explore some of the best national parks in Nepal one by one below:

Chitwan National Park

Chitwan National Park is Nepal’s oldest national park located in lowland Terai. This World Heritage site is currently a luxury jungle safari haven with true wilderness adventure in one of Asia’s finest wildlife reserves. Chitwan comprises a densely forested habitat with fertile land, riverine systems extremely rich with wildlife, and grasslands.

Chitwan National Park is also globally renowned for protecting one-horned rhinos and Bengal tigers. Apart from wildlife, Chitwan offers tourists local Tharu culture as well. Their dance, village, and homestay introduce tourists to local culture amidst wildness.

Flora and Fauna

• Mammal Species: More than 68 species, including Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, Asian elephant, sloth bear, leopard, gaur (Indian bison), wild boar, sambar deer, hog deer, barking deer, spotted deer, nilgai, rhesus macaque, and Hanuman langur.

• Bird Species: More than 540 species were seen, including Bengal florican, grey-crowned prinia, swamp francolin, Oriental darter, some stork and egret species, and some migratory birds.

• Reptile and Amphibian Species: There are approximately 56 species including marsh mugger crocodile, gharial crocodile, king cobra, rock python, and some frogs and toads.

• Fish Species: Approximately 126 fish species in riverine and lacustrine habitats of the park.

• Butterfly Species: Approximately 206 species have been found.

• Sal Forests: Shorea robusta trees and other flora and fauna cover about 70% of the park.

• Grasslands: Grasslands cover about 20% of the parkland and contain over 50 grass species, including elephant grass (Saccharum spp.) that can grow to 8 meters tall.

• Riverine Forests: Riverine forest of rivers is a forest cover with species like khair (Acacia catechu), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), and simal (Bombax ceiba).

• Shrubs and Medicinal Plants: There are a number of shrub and medicinal plant species in the park as well and their presence adds to the biodiversity of the park.

• Orchids: Chitwan’s fresh, clean, and humid climate is suitable for wild orchids, and more than 100 species of orchid have been discovered in the park.

Chitwan National Park is home to over 542 bird species, 68 mammal species, and amphibians and reptiles. The characteristic sal wetland forest grows in swaths among open areas of grassland and is home to endangered species such as sloths, wild elephants, and gharial crocodiles.

Birdwatchers can see a variety of birds including the Bengal florican, a variety of hornbills, and a variety of kingfishers… in addition to turtles and river dolphins in Chitwan’s rivers and swamps. These features make Chitwan one of the most comprehensive wildlife ecosystems in the world.

Other Attractions

Green forests and grasslands, and meandering rivers clearly map the topography of Chitwan. The park features Narayani and Rapti rivers, which carry fertile floodplains of diverse habitats. Boats cruise on the Rapti River giving visitors an exciting view of the surrounding jungle, peering down at sun-bathing crocodiles and ambling birds.

Other than that, cultural diversity in the area is followed by Tharu villages. The paradise of landscape in Chitwan is regional wildlife, riverine homes, and indigenous homes.

Permits to Enter Chitwan National Park

• Entrance Fee for National Park: For Non-Foreigners – NPR 2000; Foreigners from SAARC Countries – NPR 1000; Non-Foreigners (Nepali) – NPR 150 (per day).
• Jungle Safari: The commercial operators will charge differing rates for the safari options. The permit is only valid for the duration of the tour; that is, you take the jeep safari for the length of the tour and, therefore, your permit is valid until the end of your tour completion. 
• Boating (Canoeing): Charges may differ based on the operator and the time; however, if you are choosing to canoe, it is a very nice and peaceful way to experience the rivers (and wetland ecosystem).

When to Visit?

The ideal time to visit Chitwan National Park is from October to February. The weather is cooler and in a temperature range that is comfortable of 10 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius.

It is also a good time because animals are active in moderate weather. The beauty of the post-monsoon season makes this place so beautiful that it becomes greener.

March to June is really hot, with the temperature usually over 40°C, so the mid-day safaris are not so comfortable.

Aside from that, the morning and evening excursions for this time are still quite good chances of animal sightings. Monsoon, July to September, features heavy rain; areas get disconnected in some parts. Rains bring on plant growth and birds’ migration, however.

Key Notes to Consider

• Park rules and regulations should always be followed by all visitors for their safety and animal safety.
• While going on safaris, it is best to go with an experienced guide as they are aware of tricks and tips of park and animal ecology.
• Camouflage clothing does not disturb wildlife and, in fact, helps while seeing shy wildlife, like leopards.
• You can have an extremely fun and fulfilling trip by staying in greenhouses, where nature conservation is their prime focus, as well as actively participating in and supporting community tourism.

Sagarmatha National Park

Sagarmatha National Park is basically suited for all types of high-altitude adventure seeker. This place is blessed with the world’s highest point, Mount Everest (8,848m). Nepal’s favorite trekking haven is where thousands of trekker tourists come to experience the true form of the Himalayas. “Sagarmatha” is a Nepali synonymous name for Everest and “forehead of the sky.”

Sagarmatha National Park boasts great mountain views and is rich in culture as well, with its own distinct ethnicity-the Serpas-whose abode the Everest region has been for centuries.

The prayer flags, monasteries, and the traditional villages provide the area with a completely different spiritual atmosphere; a trekker will never be able to treat this area as anything but a trekking area.

Flora and Fauna

• Bird Species: There are over 200 species which have been sighted, some of which include the Impeyan pheasant, bearded vulture, snowcock, and alpine chough.
• Mammal Species: It is home to approximately 28 species, including the snow leopard, red panda, musk deer, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan goral, Himalayan serow, Himalayan wolf, common langur, clouded leopard, Himalayan weasel, Himalayan marmot, jackal, pika, red fox, lynx, and yak.
• Butterfly Species: There are 26 species of butterflies in the park.
• Amphibians and Reptiles: Six species of amphibians and seven of reptiles are found in the park.
• Vegetation Zones:
  • Lower Elevations: Pine, hemlock, fir, juniper, birch, and rhododendron forests.
  • Higher Elevations: Scrub and alpine plant association, transitioning to mosses and lichens just below the permanent snow line at around 5,750 meters.

Flora in Sagarmatha National Park is as varied as possible. Its lower slopes between 2,500m and 3,500m are shrouded in very dense hemlock, pine, and rhododendron forest.

Juniper, dwarf rhododendrons, and hard grasses survive in very low temperatures, which you can see in the national park. The surroundings are bare and vegetation are sparse above and at 5,500m and only rock, ice, and snow are visible.

Some of the endangered wild animals reside freely and sustain themselves in the park, i.e., snow leopard, red panda, and Himalayan tahr. Visitors also can see the beautiful Himalayan monal Danphe (the national bird of Nepal) and blood pheasants, among others, flying amidst the picturesque snow-crested Himalayas.

Other Attractions

Sagarmatha National Park is a globally renowned destination with some of the most visually attractive landscapes on the globe.

Within the area of the Sagarmatha National Park, there lies the Everest Base Camp (EBC). Besides, the shiny brightly hued turquoise-colored water of the Gokyo Lakes, and, least of all, the spectacular sight of the Kala Patthar with its heart-stopping panorama of Everest and all the surrounding peaks give this place an extra touch of beauty.

Major Landmarks:

• Khumbu Glacier, Ngozumpa Glacier, and Imja Glacier.
• Tengboche Monastery where you can desire the meditative tranquility and the tranquil beauty of the Himalaya.

Permits to Enter Sagarmatha National Park

• The Sagarmatha National Park Entry Permit costs NPR 3,000 for foreigners, NPR 1,000 for citizens of SAARC countries, and NPR 100 for Nepali citizens (valid until the end of the trekking duration).
• The Khumbu Rural Municipality Permit costs NPR 2,000 per person (this is compulsory for all trekkers entering the Everest Region).
•  The TIMS (Trekkers’ Information Management System) Card – NPR 1,000 per person (this is issued to trekkers for safety and tracking purposes).

When to Visit?

The best time to go to Sagarmatha National Park is March-May and September-November. Spring (March-May) is pleasant, with rhododendron flowers carpeting the trails. Autumn (September-November) provides the best mountain views, with clear blue skies and calm weather.

Winter (December to February) is a season of frost and heavy snowfall, which makes trekking harder. Monsoon months (June to August) must be avoided as the trail becomes slippery and there is low visibility due to perpetual cloud cover.

Mountains in The Sagarmatha National Park

Mountains Over 8,000 Meters:

• Mount Everest (8,848.86 meters): World’s highest, easily seen from Kala Patthar, Gokyo Ri, and on the Everest Base Camp trek.
• Lhotse (8,516 meters): World’s fourth-highest mountain, seen mainly from Kala Patthar and Everest Base Camp trek.
• Cho Oyu (8,188 meters): World’s sixth-highest mountain, seen from best from Gokyo Ri and in and around the Gokyo Lakes.

Mountains 7,000 to 8,000 Meters:

• Nuptse (7,861 meters): Sits on the border of Everest, visible from Everest Base Camp and Kala Patthar.
• Gyachung Kang (7,952 meters): The highest peak between Cho Oyu and Everest, visible near Gokyo.

Mountains 6,000 to 7,000 Meters

• Ama Dablam (6,812 m): Its distinctive shape is well visible from Tengboche and on the Everest Base Camp trek.
• Thamserku (6,623 m): Visible from Namche Bazaar and on trek to Tengboche.
• Kangtega (6,782 m): Often visible on the trek between Namche Bazaar and Tengboche.
• Tawoche (6,495 m): A fine view is obtained from the area of Gokyo Valley.
• Cholatse (6,440 m): Visible on the Gokyo trek and village of Pheriche.
• Island Peak (Imja Tse) (6,189m): Standard trekking peak, normally ascended from Chhukung; superb view from Imja Valley.
• Lobuche East (6,119m): Normally ascended from the Lobuche village area; view the standard of the Everest Base Camp trek.
• Pokalde (5,806m): Though below 6,000 meters, it’s normally on trekking circuits and seen from the Kongma La pass.

Key Points to Keep in Mind

• Altitude sickness is a major concern in Sagarmatha National Park since most people ascend quickly.
• Acclimatize— Taking an extra day or two at Namche Bazaar or Dingboche enables your body to get used to the lower oxygen level. Dehydration and refraining from alcohol intake during the trek are also recommended
• Trekkers are advised to be well equipped with proper attire, such as warm clothing, sticks, and strong boots. 
• Consider employing a local porter or guide, not just for the help but to support the local economy. 
• Since the area is Buddhist-influenced, travelers need to be culturally sensitive to religious places, such that specific behavior will be offensive.

3. Langtang National Park

Langtang National Park is recognized as one of the most unique and stunning national parks in Nepal, where you can experience the beauty of lush forests, alpine meadows, and spectacular mountains in one exciting destination. The park is located just 32 km north of Kathmandu and is the third largest national park in Nepal. 

It is a marvelous community-based trekking route where locals and travelers line through a unique experience of the Himalayas, a great trip and trek based on occasion levels.

It is called Langtang National Park because of the Langtang Valley area, which is known as “the Valley of Glaciers.” Originally known as ‘Lamtang Valley,’ it offers visitors to experience lives of local Tamang and Tibetan Buddhist culture.

The valley was especially affected by the 2015 earthquake, but the community is welcoming guests and actively working towards rebuilding trails.

Flora and Fauna

Lower Elevation Vegetation (Below 1,000 meters):

• Shorea robusta (Sal), Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine), Quercus spp. (Oak), Acer spp. (Maple), Rhododendron spp. (Rhododendron)​

Mid-Elevation Vegetation (1,000 to 3,000 meters):

• Quercus spp. (Oak), Acer spp. (Maple), Betula utilis (Birch), Rhododendron spp. (Rhododendron), Juniperus spp. (Juniper), Larix nepalensis (Nepal larch)​

High Elevation Vegetation (Above 3,000 meters):

• Betula utilis (Birch), Juniperus spp. (Juniper), Rhododendron spp. (Rhododendron), Meconopsis spp. (Blue poppy), Primula spp. (Primrose), Saussurea spp. (Saussurea), Saxifraga spp. (Saxifrage), Sedum spp. (Stonecrop), Viola spp. (Violet)​

Mammals:

• Red panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Wild dog (Cuon alpinus), Ghoral (Naemorhedus goral), Himalayan serow (Capricornis thar), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Grey langur monkey (Semnopithecus spp.), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Himalayan goral (Nemorhaedus goral), Himalayan serow (Capricornis thar), Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), Pika (Ochotona spp.), Snow trout (Schizothorax spp.)​

Birds:

• Over 250 species, including Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), Impeyan pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus), Danphe (Lophophorus impejanus), Eagles (Aquila spp.), Vultures (Gyps spp.), Partridges (Perdix spp.), Pheasants (Phasianidae), Warblers (Phylloscopus spp.), Flycatchers (Muscicapidae), Thrushes (Turdus spp.), Redstarts (Phoenicurus spp.), Chats (Saxicola spp.), Nuthatches (Sitta spp.), Woodpeckers (Picidae), Barbets (Megalaimidae), Minivets (Pericrocotus spp.), Cuckoos (Cuculidae), Swallows (Hirundinidae), and various species of finches, sparrows, and buntings

Reptiles:

• King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), Rock python (Python molurus), Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus), Himalayan monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis), and various species of turtles​

Amphibians:

• Wood snipe (Gallinago nemoricola), various species of frogs and toads​

Butterflies: 

• A study recorded 45 butterfly species belonging to five families:. Soime species name are Teinopalpus imperialis, Papilio krishna, Meandrusa lachinus, Euripus consimilis, Taractrocera danna (Himalayan grass dart)

Fish

• Sahar​, Mahasheer​, Bucche asala, Golden mahseer
• Snow trout​, Freshwater eel

Langtang National Park is well-known for its trademark biodiversity. There are forest canopies of oak, maple, and pine species at lower elevations, and, at higher elevations, mostly rhododendron and junipers, and proposed canopy species of alpine pastures.

Yaks are found grazing in pastures and glacial moraines of the park. The other key resident and possibly the biggest draw is the enigmatic red panda.

Others include the Himalayan black bear, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, and musk deer and over 250 species of birds, including the exotic Himalayan monal and tragopan pheasants.

Mountains in The Langtang National Park

• Langtang Lirung (7,227m): Visible from Langtang Valley, Kyanjin Gompa, and Tserko Ri.
• Langtang Ri (7,205m): Can be seen from Tserko Ri and a few in the immediate Langtang Valley.
• Dorje Lakpa (6,966m): Can be seen from the Langtang Valley, especially from Kyanjin Gompa.
• Naya Kangri (5,846m): Visible from Tserko Ri and the upper end of the Langtang Valley.
• Yala Peak (5,520m): Can be seen from Kyanjin Gompa and reached by a trekking route from the Yala Peak Base Camp.
• Gangchempo (6,387m): Visible from Langtang Valley, particularly during trek to Tserko Ri.
• Tserko Ri (4,984m): Offers very nice views of the surrounding peaks, including Langtang Lirung and Dorje Lakpa.
• Kyanjin Ri (4,773 meters): An adjacent viewpoint from Kyanjin Gompa with decent views of Langtang Lirung and adjacent peaks.
• Ganja La Peak (5,844 meters): Visible on Ganja La Pass trekking route, between Langtang Valley and Helambu region.
• Shishapangma (8,027 m): Seen from Yala Peak and some of the higher summits in the Langtang region, catching sight of its north face.
• Ganesh Himal (7,422 m): Seen from the Langtang Valley as well as from other places in the vicinity, showing its typical shape. ​
• Paldor Peak (5,896 m): Seen from many vantage points throughout the Langtang valley, particularly trekking trails.
• Gangchenpo (Fluted Peak) (6,387 m): Prominent for the fluted shape, from most of the viewpoints of Langtang Valley.
• Loenpo Gang (6,979 m): Seen from Tserko Ri and other high viewpoints throughout the area.
• Morimoto (6,150 meters): Seen from trekking trails of Langtang National Park.
• Langshisha Ri Peak (6,427 meters): Seen from Langtang Valley and reached through trekking trails to Tserko Ri.
• Gosaikunda (4,380m): Sacred alpine lake viewed during trekking Langtang Valley.
• Ganjala Pass (5,130m): Elevation pass, viewed from several places of the Langtang region, as a trek path to the Helambu region.

Natural Sceneries

Langtang National Park is renowned for its landscape, which varies from valleys to mountains with snow-capped peaks. Langtang Lirung (7,227m) towers in the distance and waterfalls and glaciers add to the beauty of the park.

Most popular tour destinations in the park include the sacred alpine lake Gosainkunda Lake, which is situated at an altitude of 4,380m, on which thousands of Hindu pilgrims make a trek annually. Among other destinations include Kyanjin Gompa Monastery, which offers cultural along spiritual significance and the point of Tserko Ri (4,984m), which offers a panoramic view of the Himalayan mountain range.

Permits Required to Enter The Park

• Langtang National Park Entrance Permit: NPR 3,000 for non-residents, NPR 1,500 for SAARC nationals or NPR 100 for Nepali nationals.
• TIMS (Trekkers’ Information Management System) Card: NPR 1,000 per person for all trekkers.

When do I visit? 

The best times to visit Langtang National Park are from March to May and September to November.

Spring (March to May) is best for the rhododendron blossoms and wildlife; Fall (September to November) affords phenomenal mountain views with the best trekking conditions.

Winter (December to February) is snow season and high altitude trekking is very difficult due to the snow.

Monsoon (June to August) is commonly known as the rainy season; it rains a lot and causes landslides and wet roads., etc.

That said, if you are willing to tolerate smaller crowds of tourists and all the greenery due to rain, this early summer may be a good time to visit.

Key Considerations for Trekking:

• Travelers should expect harsh weather and cool weather at high altitude. Having a local guide may be helpful because some trails may be hard to follow. 
• Acclimatizing to high altitude is essential before trekking high up. 
• Hike slowly and consistently and drink plenty of water to potentially avoid high altitude sickness. 
• Tourists should buy locally made crafts and souvenirs and use locally owned hotels and other businesses to support the local economy.

Main Attractions and Places to Visit in Langtang National Park

Langtang Valley:

Picturesque valley renowned for breathtaking mountain views, ethnic Tamang villages, and dense forest cover and wildlife.

How to Reach: Road trip from Kathmandu to Syabrubesi (around 7-9 hours by car or bus). Trek from Syabrubesi to Langtang Valley, taking around 5-7 days, going through villages like Lama Hotel and Ghoda Tabela.

Kyanjin Gompa:

3,800-meter high old Buddhist monastery with cultural information and steep-rambling mountains’ outlook.

How to Reach There: Kyanjin Gompa can be reached by trekking little further on Langtang Valley trek. Trek of 3-4 days from Lama Hotel to Kyanjin Gompa.

Kyanjin Ri View Point:

Famous view point of altitude 4,773 meters with 360-degree panorama view of Langtang Himalayan range.

How to Reach There: 2-3 hours’ walk from Kyanjin Gompa will take one to Kyanjin Ri.

Tsergo Ri: 

A peak at an altitude of 4,985 meters with spectacular views (Tsergo Ri) of nearby mountain summits, Langtang Lirung and Shishapangma. 

How to get there: To reach Tsergo Ri, you will have to trek from Kyanjin Gompa. The climb will take about 6 to 7 hours, and a much easier descent of about 3 to 4 hours. 

Gosaikunda Lake:

An alpine lake at 4,380 meters, it is holy for both Hindus and Buddhists, located within snowy peaks.

How to get there: Gosaikunda Lake will be accessed by a trek from Laurebina. Laurebina is also a stop-in point on student treks from the Helambu area of the Kathmandu Valley.

Suryachaur Viewpoint

A Hill station at 1,970 with views of the Beautiful Langtang Himalayan range and the Likhu Valley. 

How to get there: Surya Chaur can be reached by bus or taxi from Kathmandu to Gurje Bhanjyang (right over an hour’s drive from Kathmandu) and a trek of about 1 to 2 hours.

4. Rara National Park

Rara National Park is the smallest national park in Nepal but boasts Rara Lake, which is the biggest and most beautiful lake in Nepal! It is located in a remote corner of northwestern Nepal.

Rara National Park offers untouched beauty of alluring landscape, where the highlight is the calm blue water of Rara Lake (2990m). Green hills and snow-capped mountains surround Rara Lake, making it traveler’s paradise.

The national park welcomes fewer trekkers than many of the other national parks in Nepal, so it’s a great spot to escape from it all and into nature and beauty!

Flora and Fauna

Lower Elevations Vegetation Zones (Below 3,200 meters):

• Dominated by blue pine (Pinus excelsa), rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum), West Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana), black juniper (Juniperus indica), and Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa).

Higher Elevations Vegetation Zones (Above 3,200 meters):

• Characterized by coniferous forests comprising fir (Abies spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), and pine (Pinus spp.).
• Subalpine regions feature species such as rhododendron, fir, brown oak (Quercus semecarpifolia), and birch (Betula utilis).
• Alpine meadows are home to various berry-bearing plants like Berberis spp., Cotoneaster spp., and Rosa spp.

Mammals:

• Over 51 species, including:​ ​Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus), jackal (Canis aureus), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), otter (Lutra lutra), dhole (Cuon alpinus), gray langur (Semnopithecus spp.), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), common langur (Semnopithecus entellus), marmot (Marmota himalayana), pika (Ochotona spp.), snow trout (Schizothorax spp.).

Birds

• Over 200 species, including: Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), Cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii), Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), coots (Fulica atra), grebes (Podicipedidae), pochards (Aythya spp.), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), teal (Anas crecca), merganser (Mergus spp.), eagles (Aquila spp.), vultures (Gyps spp.), owls (Strigidae), warblers (Phylloscopus spp.), flycatchers (Muscicapidae), thrushes (Turdus spp.), redstarts (Phoenicurus spp.), chats (Saxicola spp.), nuthatches (Sitta spp.), woodpeckers (Picidae), barbets (Megalaimidae), minivets (Pericrocotus spp.), cuckoos (Cuculidae), swallows (Hirundinidae), finches (Fringillidae), sparrows (Passeridae), buntings (Emberizidae).

Frogs

• Nanorana rarica (Rara Lake frog), Nanorana ercepeae (Torrent paa frog).

Rara National Park is blanketed with pine, spruce, and juniper forests and, therefore, supports a rich diversity of diverse fauna. The park is home to 51 mammal species, a few of which include the Himalayan black bear, musk deer, red panda, and leopard.

The lake itself also has the snow trout, a local fish species that is exclusive to the area. Bird watchers can also witness more than 270 bird species, such as the Himalayan snowcock, common teal, and ruddy shelduck.

Natural Sceneries

Rara Lake is also known as the “Queen of Lakes,” and its snow-white water reflects the snow-white peaks surrounding it, creating a breathtaking panoramic view. The Chuchemara Hill (4,087m), commanding a view of the lake, is the ideal place for travelers.

That the park is secluded prevents any kind of human encroachment from reaching there, and it is intact in all its natural beauty and the perfect place for reflection and meditation. The lake freezes at times during winter as well, which makes it all the more interesting.

 What Permits Are Required To Enter Rara National Park?

• National Park Entrance Permit: NPR 3,000 foreigners, NPR 1,500 SAARC nationals, and NPR 100 Nepalis.
• Special Restricted Area Permit: Mugu and Jumla districts (trekking duration based).

When to Go?

September-November and April-June are perfect months to visit Rara National Park. Autumn (September-November) guarantees clear skies and uninterrupted views of the lake, while late spring (April-June) is best for wildflowers and good trekking.

Winter (Dec-Feb) has heavy snowfalls, and transportation becomes tedious. July-August monsoon is best avoided due to leeches and slippery paths.

Points to Remember

• Rara National Park is also the remotest part of Nepal, and going there is a series of flights and trekking for long distances. 
• The travelers are expected to be carrying some basic accommodation since there is no or very little accommodation facility near the lake.
• It’s advisable to bring enough food provisions, warm clothes, and camping equipment if planning to stay longer. 
• The region lacks modern medical facilities, so it’s advisable to bring a first-aid kit and personal medicines.

5. Shey Phoksundo National Park

Shey Phoksundo National Park is Nepal’s largest national park, located in the remote western Himalayas. It is best known for Phoksundo Lake, Nepal’s deepest alpine lake, famous for its striking turquoise color and crystal-clear waters. The park’s rugged terrain consists of barren mountains, steep cliffs, deep gorges, and fast-flowing rivers.

The park is also home to Shey Gompa, an ancient Tibetan Buddhist monastery that attracts both spiritual seekers and adventure travelers. The mix of Tibetan culture, remote landscapes, and pristine wilderness makes Shey Phoksundo one of Nepal’s most fascinating yet least-explored national parks.

Flora and Fauna

• Lower Elevations Vegetation Zones: (Below 3,000 meters): Dominated by blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), hemlock (Tsuga dumosa), spruce (Picea smithiana), cedar (Cedrus deodara), and bamboo (Bambusoideae).
• Higher Elevations Vegetation Zones: (Above 3,000 meters): Comprise alpine meadows and trans-Himalayan slopes with species such as rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), caragana (Caragana spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), Himalayan birch (Betula utilis), and occasional silver fir (Abies spectabilis).
• Mammals: Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), grey wolf (Canis lupus), musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Himalayan blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), goral (Naemorhedus goral), great Tibetan sheep (Ovis ammon hodgsoni), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus), jackal (Canis aureus), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula). ​
• Birds: Over 200 species have been recorded, including the Tibetan partridge (Perdix hodgsoniae), wood snipe (Gallinago nemoricola), white-throated tit (Aegithalos niveogularis), various species of rosefinches (Carpodacus spp.), Impeyan pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus), cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii), chough (Pyrrhocorax spp.), raven (Corvus corax), Tibetan snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus), brown dipper (Cinclus pallasii), Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis), lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus).
• Reptiles and Amphibians: The park is home to six reptile species.
• Insects: Notably, the park is home to 29 butterfly species, including Paralasa nepalaica, recognized as the highest-flying butterfly in the world.

Due to the high altitude, Shey Phoksundo National Park possesses trans-Himalayan vegetation like blue pines, spruce, and alpine-type shrubs. Down on the plains, the forests are dense, but up on the terrain, the land is as barren as in Tibet.

The park is inhabited by rare and threatened animals like snow leopard, Himalayan blue sheep, musk deer, and Tibetan wolf. There are over 200 species of birds in the park, including Tibetan partridge, Himalayan griffon, and shy Impeyan pheasant.

Natural Sceneries

The pride of the park is the beautiful Phoksundo Lake (3,611m) with towering cliffs and waterfalls encircling it. The lake is barren of fish and any other water life, so crystal clear and deep blue.

Shey Phoksundo falls within its boundary high-altitude deserts, glacial rivers, and remote valleys. Shey Gompa Monastery, an 11th-century monastery, is also a religious geographical landmark of the region and, as such, an important cultural zone of Nepal.

Shey Phoksundo National Park Travel Permits

• Shey Phoksundo National Park Entrance Permit: NPR 3,000 for foreign nationals, NPR 1,500 for SAARC countries, and NPR 100 for Nepalese.
• Dolpa Region Restricted Area Permit: NPR 10,000 per person (for all foreign visitors).

Best Time to Visit

April-June and September-November is the best time to visit Shey Phoksundo National Park. The hot April-June summer offers favorable weather with a pleasant temperature, and walking becomes easy. Autumn season with clear skies and beautiful views.

Winters (Dec-Feb) are snowy and cold, and the region is not accessible. Monsoon months (Jul-Aug) are rainy, which is not trek-friendly.

Points to Remember

• Shey Phoksundo National Park is a very remote and unexplored region of Nepal. 
• Trekkers need to equip themselves with primitive shelter and scanty food supplies. 
• It would be wise to carry a fully equipped first aid kit and other equipment.
• It is advisable to have a local guide because the ground is rocky and largely unmapped. 
• Additionally, altitude sickness can be expected, and therefore gradual acclimatization is required.

6. Bardiya National Park

Bardiya National Park is Nepal’s largest and least disturbed national park in Terai lowland. While Chitwan National Park is more crowded, Bardiya is pristine and remote, giving tourists the excitement of wildness along with privacy. The park tour is a must for any traveler willing to witness the regal Royal Bengal tiger because Bardiya has one of the highest tiger densities in Nepal.

The park features dense sal forests, grassland, and forests that give refuge to endangered species. Nepal’s longest river, the Karnali River, flows through Bardiya and offers a dense aquatic environment. The park is also historically important in the sense that it comprises indigenous Tharu residents who have lived in harmony with wild animals for hundreds of years.

Flora and Fauna

• Sal Forests: Characterized by Shorea robusta, occupying around 70% of the park’s landscape.​
• Riverine Forests: Occurring near water bodies, having species such as Acacia catechu and Dalbergia sissoo.​
• Grasslands (Phantas): Uncovered places with long grasses, supporting different herbivores.​
• Savannahs: Woodland-grassland mix communities that harbor varied fauna.
• Mammals: At least 53 species such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), and Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica).​
• Birds: Over 400 species such as the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis Bengalensis), white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), peafowl (Pavo cristatus), and a few water birds such as mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintail (Anas acuta).​
• Reptiles and Amphibians: 25 species, including gharial crocodile (Gavialis Gangeticus), marsh mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), and other snakes and frogs.​
• Fish:
  • Approximately 125 species are present in the Karnali and Babai rivers, including the golden mahseer (Tor putitora).
  • Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica), other fish species like large mahseer (Tor spp.).

Bardiya National Park subtropical forests are densely covered with over 839 species of plants including the sal, silk cotton tree, and rosewood trees. The area has the habitat of the Royal Bengal tiger where it can easily be seen than anywhere else in Nepalese national parks.

Extremely rare one-horned rhino, Asiatic elephant, swamp deer and Gangetic dolphins in Karnali River and bird paradise for bird lover with over 400 birds species including endangered sarus cranes, Bengal floricans, and kingfishers.

Natural Sceneries

The landscape in Bardiya varies from dense forest to open grasslands and meandering rivers. Babai Valley, the park’s most scenic part, is a great place to view the grasslands and meandering Babai River.

Tourists can also go to see the Karnali River and observe crocodiles basking in the sun on riverbanks or even possibly spot freshwater Gangetic dolphins. The remoteness of the park ensures the surrounding area to be preserved and peaceful, the best retreat for nature lovers.

Permit Entry into Bardiya National Park

• National Park Entrance Permit: NPR 1,500 for foreign tourists, NPR 750 for SAARC nationals, and NPR 100 for Nepali nationals.
• Jeep Safari Permit: Vary depending on the safari company.
• River Boating Permit: Required for guided rafting and canoeing tours of Karnali River.

When to Visit?

October through April is the best time to visit Bardiya National Park since the weather is dry and sunny with good viewing. Grass is cut short then. Therefore, tigers and rhinos are able to view sightseeing comfortably.

The monsoon period (June-September) is highly rainy and there are certain areas of the park that are not walkable. The summer period (May-June) is very hot actually, and the temperature even rises up to 40°C at times, so the tourists will have to prepare themselves to endure the heat.

Key Notes to Consider

• Bardiya is located farther from Chitwan, and it attracts fewer tourists. Yet it is prime hub to watch Royal Bengal Tigers. 
• The nearest airport is located at Nepalgunj, and tourists can travel here in a bid to access the park.
• It is best recommended to hire a local guide because tiger tracking and wildlife safari are experience-based. 
• The tourists must dress in a neutral manner so that they do not disturb wildlife and an act of respect to the park conservation policy so that they might not devastate this virgin terrain.

7. Makalu Barun National Park

Makalu Barun National Park is Nepal’s only national park with a strict nature reserve that protects one of the most remote and ecologically rich Himalayan landscapes. It takes its name from Mount Makalu (8,481m), the world’s fifth-highest mountain.

In comparison to other more trekking destinations, Makalu Barun is less crowded and thus offers visitors an off-the-beaten-path experience. It has cliffs, waterfalls, and glacial streams and is one of the least visited but most stunning parks of Nepal.

Flora and Fauna

• Flora: Sal trees (Shorea robusta), oaks (Quercus lamellosa, Quercus lineata), maples (Acer campbellii), laurels, magnolias (Magnolia campbellii), rhododendrons (Rhododendron hodgsonii), Himalayan blue poppy (Meconopsis simplicifolia), East Himalayan fir (Abies spectabilis), Himalayan birch (Betula utilis), Himalayan schima (Schima wallichiana), orchids (47 species), medicinal herbs (87 species), primroses (48 species), fodder trees (86 species). ​
• Fauna: Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), goral (Naemorhedus goral), wild boar (Sus scrofa), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), weasel species, langur monkey (Semnopithecus schistaceus), serow (Capricornis thar), Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), red fox (Vulpes vulpes). ​
• Birds: Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus), satyr tragopan (Tragopan satyra), snow partridge (Lerwa lerwa), speckled wood pigeon (Columba hodgsonii), Hodgson’s frogmouth (Batrachostomus hodgsoni), spotted laughingthrush (Garrulax ocellatus), fire-tailed myzornis (Myzornis pyrrhoura), yellow-billed blue magpie (Urocissa flavirostris), golden-breasted fulvetta (Lioparus chrysotis), rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri), blue-naped pitta (Hydrornis nipalensis), pale blue flycatcher (Cyornis unicolor), silver-eared mesia (Leiothrix argentauris), sultan tit (Melanochlora sultanea), spiny babbler (Turdoides nipalensis), white-naped yuhina (Yuhina bakeri), Blyth’s kingfisher (Alcedo hercules), blue-eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting). ​
• Reptiles and Amphibians: Various species of frogs, lizards, and snakes inhabit the park. ​
• Fish: The Arun River within the park harbors 84 varieties of fish, including salmon.

Makalu Barun National Park’s diverse terrain ranges from subtropical, tropical rainforests to alpine grasslands and contains over 3,000 species of flowering plants. Over 400 bird species, ranging from the spotted wren babbler to the Himalayan cuckoo, take refuge in the park.

Some of the animals found inhabiting the park include Himalayan black bears, clouded leopards, red pandas, and snow leopards. The inaccessible virgin valleys and forests are the perfect haven for the elusive species that are sacred elsewhere.

Natural Sceneries

The park is blessed with nature’s beauty in the form of the Barun Valley, surrounded by the Himalayas’ mighty peaks, waterfalls, and lush forests. No less spectacular is the Upper Arun Valley, speckled with white-capped peaks and precipitous gorges.

The Mount Makalu base camp is also accessible by trekkers, and this towers over the surrounding peaks in a broad landscape. The unspoiled view of the park guarantees a peaceful and unspoiled wilderness experience.

Permits for Visiting Makalu Barun National Park

• National Park Entrance Permit: NPR 3,000 for foreign trekkers, NPR 1,500 for SAARC nation citizens, and NPR 100 for Nepalese citizens.
• Makalu Conservation Area Permit: Needed for trekkers to reach the base camp.

When to Go?

March-May and September-November are the best time to travel to Makalu Barun National Park, with perfect trekking weather and clear skies.

Monsoon (June-August) offers slippery trails, and deep winter snow (December-February) renders high-altitude trekking impossible.

Important Notes for Trekkers

• Makalu Barun is one of the less developed trekking regions in Nepal, and hence, travelers need to be ready to face basic lodging and camping in solitude.
• Trekking inside the park is challenging as the trails are long and strenuous. 
• Acclimatization needs to

8. Khaptad National Park

Khaptad National Park is Nepal’s most closely guarded secret in Nepal’s far western region. It is a destination that provides the visitor with the ultimate synthesis of nature and spirituality.

In contrast to the high-altitude national parks of Nepal’s eastern region, Khaptad is an area of rolling green ridges, green meadows, and forest, a total haven for nature enthusiasts seeking solitude and tranquility.

The park was named after Khaptad Baba, a renowned Hindu saint who meditated in the park for forty years. Due to its religious history, the park is still a no-drink and no-meat area and still a religious shrine.

There are also some holy Hindu temples nearby, such as the renowned Khaptad Baba Ashram and Triveni Temple, which draws Hindu pilgrims to the site.

Flora and Fauna

Subtropical Vegetation (1,000–2,000 meters):

• Sal (Shorea robusta), Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), Alder (Alnus nepalensis). ​

Temperate Vegetation (1,800–3,000 meters):

• Lower Temperate Mixed Broad-Leaved Species: Lindera nepalensis, Cinnamomum tamala.

• Temperate Mixed Evergreen Species: Spruce (Picea smithiana), Fir (Abies spectabilis), Hemlock (Tsuga dumosa), Oak (Quercus spp.).

• Sub-Alpine Vegetation (Above 2,900 meters): Fir, Oak, Birch (Betula utilis), Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.). ​

• Upper Temperate Broad-Leaved Species: Horse chestnut (Aesculus indica), Maple (Acer spp.).

• Alpine Meadows and Grasslands: Primulas (Primula spp.), Buttercups (Ranunculus spp.), Wild berries (Rubus spp.).

• Medicinal Plants: Approximately 224 species, including species like Swertia chirayita, Asparagus racemosus, Picrorhiza kurroa. ​

• Mammals (23 species): Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Ghoral (Naemorhedus goral), Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Langur monkey (Semnopithecus spp.), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Wild dog (Cuon alpinus), Jackal (Canis aureus), Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). ​

• Birds (Approximately 266 species): Impeyan pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus), Various partridges (Francolinus spp., Perdix spp.), Flycatchers (Muscicapidae), Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae), Cuckoos (Cuculidae), Eagles (Aquila spp., Aegypius monachus)

Khaptad National Park has more than 567 species of plants, such as rhododendron, pine, oak, and Himalayan fir. The park is renowned for being blessed with such beautiful meadows, “Khaptad Patan,” which in spring and summer seasons are blooming in spectacular wildflowers.

Khaptad is a home of barking deer, wild boars, Himalayan black bears, and leopards. A paradise of birds also prevails in the park with over 270 species of birds, such as the Himalayan monal, kalij pheasant, and cuckoos.

Natural Sceneries

Khaptad National Park is famous for its landscapes, which are made up of rolling green meadows, deep gorges, and pristine forests. The most famous landscape of the park is the Khaptad Daha (Khaptad Lake), a tranquil alpine lake that forms mirror-like images of the surrounding landscape.

The Triveni River flowing through the park contributes to its beauty. Khaptad is Nepal’s most scenic and tranquil destination with its combination of green hills and religious pilgrimages.

Permits to Visit Khaptad National Park

• National Park Entry Permit: NPR 1,500 for non-resident foreign tourists, NPR 750 for SAARC nationals, and NPR 100 for Nepalese nationals.
• Special Entry Permit: Religious festivals or pilgrims visiting in large groups.

When to Visit?

The best time to visit Khaptad National Park is March-May and September-November when the grasslands are green and the climate is mild.

Winters (December-February) are characterized by heavy snowfall, and trekking thus becomes cumbersome. It is best not to go to the place during the monsoon season (June-August), as heavy rains cause the trails to become slippery and treacherous to trek.

Important Notes to Remember as a Visitor

• As Khaptad is located in one of the far western districts of Nepal, the nearest airport and longest bus travel by several day’s flights need to be taken to reach the park. 
• The nearest airport is Dhangadhi, from which the travelers will have to travel a distance by jeep or bus to Silgadhi and then walk for 3 days to reach the park.
• Due to its religious value, visitors are also expected to preserve local culture, such as banning liquor and beef within the park. 
• The accommodation available in the region is also basic, and it would therefore be wise to bring along camping equipment.

9. Shuklaphanta National Park

Shuklaphanta National Park is another remote but rich wildlife destination, located in Nepal’s far western Terai. Once a game reserve, it was mentioned as a protected national park due to the staggering variety of species it supports.

The park has been named after Shuklaphanta Grassland, which is the largest and biggest grassland of Nepal and an ideal location for sightseeing and proximity to endangered and rare wild life. Unlike Bardiya and crowded Chitwan National Parks, Shuklaphanta is a quiet and remote safari destination ideal for nature lovers.

Flora and Fauna

Subtropical Vegetation (174–1,000 meters):

• Sal (Shorea robusta), Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), Khair (Acacia catechu), Elephant grass (Saccharum ravennae), Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum), Khagra reed (Phragmites karka). ​

Grasslands and Wetlands:

• Imperata cylindrica, Heteropogon contortus, Khagra reed (Phragmites karka), Saccharum spontaneum.

Mammals: 

• Swamp deer (Cervus duvaucelii), Wild elephant (Elephas maximus), Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), One-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), Hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus), Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Hog deer (Axis porcinus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Jackal (Canis aureus), Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Common mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Wild cat (Felis chaus), Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), Spotted deer (Axis axis).

Birds: 

• Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), Sarus crane (Grus antigone), Swamp francolin (Francolinus gularis), Grass owl (Tyto capensis), Warblers (various species), Flycatchers (various species), White-throated bush chat (Saxicola insignis). ​

Reptiles and Amphibians:

• Golden monitor lizard (Varanus flavescens), Marsh mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Cobra (various species), Python (various species). ​

The Shuklaphanta ecosystem is dominated by subtropical and tropical forests, grassland, and swamps. It is home to more than 2,000 swamp deer, the largest gathering in the world. It is home to Bengal tigers, one-horned rhinoceros, wild elephants, and leopards.

Birdwatchers can find more than 400 species of birds featuring critically endangered Bengal florican, great hornbills, and white-rumped vultures. Seasonal birds that visit the wetlands and lakes within the park are also available. 

Natural Sceneries

The landscape variation of Shuklaphanta National Park is one of Nepal’s most scenic parks. Shuklaphanta grassland sandwiched between lakes, marshes, and forests have pleasant sunrise and sunset views.

Rani Tal or Queen’s Lake itself is the most scenic part of the national park and invites migrant birds and herds of deer on its ridge to quench their thirst. Grasslands are open and provide unobstructed view of wildlife, and safaris in Shuklaphanta are a lifetime experience.

Permits to Visit Shuklaphanta National Park

• National Park Entry Fee: NPR 1,500 for foreign tourists, NPR 750 for SAARC nationals, NPR 100 for Nepalese citizens.
• Jeep Safari Permit: Varies with different tour operators.

Best Time to Visit

October to March is the ideal time to explore Shuklaphanta National Park, when the climate is favorable and the wildlife is energetic.

Shuklaphanta National Park is closed during monsoon season (June-September) as it rains and becomes waterlogged. Summer season (April-May) is also too hot, with temperature usually over 40°C.

Points to Remember

• Shuklaphanta is less tourist-developed than Chitwan or Bardiya, and hence has fewer tourists and purer wilderness experience. 
• But it also has fewer tourist facilities and traveling facilities, so the tourists must be well-prepared.
• The nearest airport is at Dhangadhi, and then a 2-hour road journey to the park. It is advisable to hire a local guide as they will be in a position to track down tigers and other shy animals.

10. Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the nearest national park from Kathmandu and hence one of the most easily accessible and appealing places for nature lovers, trekkers, and birdwatchers. The park is a vital watershed providing drinking water to the Kathmandu Valley and a green escape from the chaos of the capital city.

This park is renowned for day trekking with Langtang Himalayas, Ganesh Himal, and Dorje Lakpa range views. The Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims of the park, i.e., Bagdwar, the origin of the sacred Bagmati River, impart tourism values to it. It has a lodge as far as Nagi Gompa, a Buddhist nunnery. 

Flora and Fauna

Subtropical Forests (Lower altitudes):

• These are characterized by vegetation such as Schima (Schima wallichii), Castanopsis (Castanopsis indica), and Himalayan pine (Pinus roxburghii), particularly on south slopes.

Temperate Broadleaf Forests (Higher elevations): 

• Oak woods (Quercus spp.) with laurel and rhododendron dominance (Rhododendron arboreum), especially on north-facing slopes.

Mammals: 

• Some of the species spotted in the park include Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), leopard (Panthera pardus), jungle cat (Felis chaus), Assamese monkey (Macaca assamensis), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), wild boar (Sus scrofa), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), and Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata).

Birds: 

• The paradise park of birds is for birds, with more than 300 of them reported, some of which include spiny babbler (Turdoides nipalensis), hoary-throated barwing (Actinodura nipalensis), Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), white-gorgeted flycatcher (Anthipes monileger), golden-throated barbet (Psilopogon franklinii), slender-billed scimitar-babbler (Pomatorhinus superciliaris), and barred cuckoo-dove (Macropygia unchall).

Reptiles and Amphibians: 

• The park herpetofauna includes species like monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia), a few lizards like Japalura variegata, and amphibians like black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is a temperate and subtropical forest ecosystem with dense forests of pine, oak, rhododendron, and bamboo blanketing the park. The park’s canopy gives habitat to more than 318 species of birds, ranging from the kaleidoscope kalij pheasant to the Himalayan monal.

Mammals found in the park are leopards, Himalayan black bear, rhesus monkey, and jungle cat. The park is also famous for its more than 100 species of butterflies and thus is a good location for entomologists and nature lovers.

Natural Sceneries

Park landscape is rolling hills, dense forest cover and sweeping views of Kathmandu Valley. Shivapuri Peak at 2,732m is the highest in the park from which one can see the Langtang Himalayan range at its best.

Nagarjun Forest Reserve on the park’s western rim has hiking trails with good scenery, meditation caves and places of historical interest like the old Nagarjuna Palace that used to be a royal retreat.

Permits to Visit Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

• National Park Entry Permit: NPR 1,000 for foreigners, NPR 600 for SAARC national, NPR 100 for Nepali.
• Special Camping Permit: For camping overnight within the park.

Best Time to Visit

September to May is ideal to visit Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, when the climate is favorable for trekking and wildlife observation.

Monsoon (June-August) is wet with intense rains, so the paths are slippery. The season also aids in vegetation and the beauty of waterfalls. Winter (December-February) is cold but manageable with appropriate equipment.

Key Notes to Consider

• Since Shivapuri Nagarjun is close to Kathmandu, one can easily visit the park with a day trip to Budhanilkantha or Balaju. 
• One has to do day treks in the park preferably, but otherwise, one has to be well equipped with material.
• Since there have been leopards spotted in the park, one has to do group trekking. 
• One should not pollute the park while traveling and should not frighten the animals away.